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背景
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TLR9 (Toll receptor 9; also CD289) is a 145-150 kDa member of the Toll-like receptor family of molecules. It is expressed by colonic epithelium, CD123+?plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and transitional B cells, and responds to unmethylated DNA CpG motifs that exhibit either a GTCGTT sequence (in human), or a GACGTT sequence (in mouse). TLR9 is found in the ER, and translocates to either the cell membrane, or to lysosomes where it binds bacterial DNA. Precursor human TLR9 is a type I transmembrane protein 1032 amino acids (aa) in length. It possesses a 793 aa extracellular region that contains 26 LRRs (aa 26-818), plus a 193 aa cytoplasmic domain. The full-length 150 kDa form is suggested to be ligand-binding but nonsignaling. The active form is believed to be an 80 kDa cleavage product found in the endosome compartment. There are multiple splice forms. One contains a deletion of aa 2-16, a second possesses an alternate start site at Met58, while a third and fourth show alternative start sites aa 23 and 24 upstream of the standard site. Over aa 64-189, human TLR9 shares 76% aa identity with mouse TLR9.
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